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The goal of the Computing Community Consortium (CCC) is to catalyze the computing research community to debate longer range, more audacious research challenges; to build consensus around research visions; to evolve the most promising visions toward clearly defined initiatives; and to work with the funding organizations to move challenges and visions toward funding initiatives. The purpose of this blog is to provide a more immediate, online mechanism for dissemination of visioning concepts and community discussion/debate about them.

NSF DCL: Encouraging Research on Open Knowledge Networks

December 8th, 2021 / in NSF, Research News / by Maddy Hunter

Artificial Intelligence (AI) development is driven by large amounts of data and information. This type of information is captured in knowledge graphs, entities that are expensive and time-consuming to create. As a result, only large corporations own the largest and most effective knowledge graphs, with few researchers having the ability to access or develop their own knowledge sets. This phenomenon leaves a need for Open Knowledge Networks (OKN), a highly distributed knowledge network with open contributions and open access. A public resource of this kind would enable new research and foster the next wave of knowledge-powered AI.

In 2018, the Computing Community Consortium (CCC) partnered with the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) to bring together the community and produce a 20-Year Roadmap for Artificial Intelligence. The report aims to identify challenges, opportunities, and pitfalls in the AI landscape, and to create a compelling report to inform future decisions, policies, and investments in this area. A major theme throughout the report is a need for AI systems to access significant amounts of knowledge about the world. The report recommended an OKN and described key characteristics that the community considered desirable in the public network.

Many efforts are ongoing in this space. Last month Margaret Martonosi (Assistant Director for CISE at NSF) released the following Dear Colleague Letter calling for proposals that contribute to OKN research and practice.

November 18, 2021

Dear Colleagues:

Knowledge graphs constitute a powerful approach for organizing, representing, integrating, and accessing data and information from multiple structured and unstructured sources. Large-scale knowledge graphs are now employed at enterprise scales by the private sector. The success of such proprietary knowledge networks offers the potential for open knowledge networks (OKNs) that can support broad public use cases and can be shared in a manner that is secure and preserves privacy. In other words, tools and knowledge bases that would be freely available could reasonably address a broad set of challenges of national importance, spanning science, engineering, health, and commerce. Indeed, the recently‒released report from the National Security Commission on AI stated, “Open knowledge networks (or repositories) with massive amounts of world knowledge could fuel the next wave of [artificial intelligence] exploration, driving innovations from scientific research to the commercial sector.”

With this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), NSF invites principal investigators (PIs) to submit proposals that contribute to OKN research and practice. Proposals can be submitted to core programs as Small projects within the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE). This spans the following divisions and programs: Computing and Communication Foundations (CCF) and Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS) divisions and the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC), as well as the Secure and Trustworthy Cyberspace (SaTC) program.

This DCL builds on work on OKNs by the National Science Foundation’s (NSF’s) Convergence Accelerator program. Recently NSF funded a cohort of OKN projects focused on addressing convergent research challenges associated with OKNs (see the Convergence Accelerator Portfolio for details of funded projects). While these projects are working to create OKNs that address user needs in specific domains, they have also identified additional research directions associated with creating, scaling, and effectively using OKNs. These research directions include but are not limited to the categories below.

OKN AUTHORING AND LEARNING

Automatic generation of data workflows for ingesting data into knowledge graphs from specific sources;
Automated learning of knowledge graphs from heterogeneous and distributed data sources; and
Programming systems and integrated software development environments that incorporate data workflows, data provenance, social/collaborative programming, and user-friendly interfaces as native capabilities.

OKN REPRESENTATION

Representation of information and knowledge at different levels of abstraction to serve diverse communities of users and match the level of sophistication and cognition of diverse end users/applications;
Consistent representation of metadata, context, data, and data-driven rules in a common scheme, transparent to the user;
Combining open as well as privacy-sensitive or access-controlled information within a single, common knowledge graph scheme;
Common schemes for combining data and computational models within a knowledge graph, and for addressing representation and propagation of heterogeneous error bounds, data quality and privacy risks; and
The ability to track provenance, and support transparency and accountability.

OKN USES

Automated, privacy-aware and semi-automated query processing and inferencing, using logic-based systems as well as machine-learning approaches, including foundational machine learning, including with humans-in-the-loop, for deriving and interpreting complex information and knowledge;
Question-answering with knowledge graphs, including introspection/interrogation of the information represented in the graph; and
Secure, privacy-preserving and robust mechanisms to adapt knowledge graphs as information changes over time.

OKN SCALABILITY

Scaling to very large, online, real-time scenarios;
Interacting with very large knowledge graphs including graph visualization techniques, abstraction of content (what is contained in the graph), and abstraction of query capability (what you can ask of the graph); and
Cyberinfrastructure to support secure, scalable, performant knowledge graph implementations.

This DCL is not a special competition nor a new program. Prospective PIs should meet all requirements associated with the Small size class of the CISE core programs solicitation to which they are responding. Additionally, to call attention to responsiveness to this DCL, project summaries should include the acronym “OKN” in the keyword list. Note that some programs may already require specific keywords to be used; in such a case, please use “OKN” as the last keyword used.

Proposals responsive to this DCL will be reviewed with other Small proposals submitted to CISE’s core program solicitations and in accordance with NSF’s merit review criteria as well as any additional solicitation-specific review criteria identified in the corresponding solicitation.

Please note that the proposal submission window for Small projects to the OAC Core Program is December 1 ‒ December 22, 2021. Other CISE Core Programs accept proposals anytime. However, for full consideration under this DCL in fiscal year (FY) 2022, proposals should be submitted before April 15, 2022.

For further information about proposing pursuant to this DCL, PIs may contact: